Robert H. Holt and Winston Rinehart

Robert H. Holt and Winston RinehartThe National Academy of Sciences, the American Chemical Society, and the Association for Assessment of Concepts in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (AAC} as well as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration have recognized the contemporary research and achievements of Robert H. Holt and Winston L. Rinehart with the ACS medal for outstanding contributions to the field of chemistry. However, many scientists do not recognize the achievements of Holt and Rinehart. It is important that the discoveries of Holt and Rinehart are acknowledged. Let us first examine the activities of Robert H. Holt and Winston Rinehart.In 1920, the Academy of Sciences recognized the outstanding contributions of Robert H. Holt and Winston Rinehart. It was in a study of the composition of gases which the two scientists discovered that a possible physical and chemical understanding of biological cells could be gained. Thus, they founded the field of bioche mistry.Holt and Rinehart had a number of important papers published in their field. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Holt and Rinehart in 1936 for a series of useful studies of the formation of compounds in aqueous solutions. Another one of the landmark papers by Holt and Rinehart was published in 1938 in a distinguished journal entitled Physical Review Letters, which describes the electron transport system.In 1943, Holt and Rinehart were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry jointly with Anton Zeilinger for their studies of the hydrolysis of glucose. After the war, these two scientists co-authored a paper in the scientific periodical Reviews in Pharmaceutical Science on the healing power of insulin. Another notable paper in this field by Holt and Rinehart is entitled 'Transactions of the Nucleus Acta' by which these two scientists published the detection of hydrogen and oxygen binding to the nuclei of cells in aqueous solution. This paper was highly significant because it was the first description of the local scale at which DNA molecules bind to proteins and hence have their sites of activity.According to a recent article by Holt and Rinehart, 'Our basic hypothesis is that all organic compounds have a proton concentration gradient that the 'anion of a molecule' is at its highest point of entry into the cell and this gradient is pushed up by ion gradients from the intermembrane space.' This hypothesis is very reasonable because some molecules have higher anions than others. Therefore, the more anions they have, the more proton will be transferred into the cells of an organism.Robert H. Holt and Winston Rinehart continued to produce valuable contributions to modern chemistry by their revolutionary work in a number of areas. They conducted experiments at U.C. Davis and in Princeton University. These experiments revealed that carbon dioxide can be broken down into carbon monoxide.It is a fact that some other scientists have used advanced technology to create new substances and new groups of atoms and molecules. Robert H. Holt and Winston Rinehart have done their part in this regard by creating molecules like the amino acid L-glutamate, which belongs to a group of proteins.